Wasu ilimi game da janareta na mota da baturi

Za a iya taƙaita matsalolin cajin baturin mota kamar haka, bayan fahimtar waɗannan, za ku sami cikakkiyar fahimta game da samar da wutar lantarki, cajin baturi da kuma amfani da wutar lantarki.

1. Motar tana tuka janareta don samar da wutar lantarki

Injin mota ba wai kawai ake amfani da shi don tuƙi abin hawa ba, har ma don sarrafa na'urori da yawa akan motar. Injin crankshaft yana da ƙare biyu, an haɗa ƙarshen ɗaya tare da ƙafar tashi, wanda ke buƙatar haɗa shi da akwatin gear don fitar da abin hawa. Ana fitar da ɗayan ƙarshen ta hanyar crankshaft pulley don fitar da wasu kayan haɗi. Misali, crankshaft pulley a cikin wannan adadi na sama yana fitar da janareta, compressor, famfo mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, famfo mai sanyaya ruwa da sauran sassa ta bel don samar musu da wuta. Don haka muddin injin yana aiki, janareta na iya samar da wutar lantarki da cajin baturi.

2. Na'urar samar da motoci na iya daidaita wutar lantarki

Dukanmu mun san cewa ka'idar janareta ita ce na'urar tana yanke layin induction na maganadisu don samar da halin yanzu, kuma saurin saurin na'urar, mafi girman halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. Sannan gudun injin daga gudun da ba ya aiki na dari da dama zuwa dubu da dama a cikin rpm, tazarar tana da girma sosai, don haka akwai na’ura mai daidaitawa a kan janareta don tabbatar da cewa tsayayyiyar wutar lantarki za ta iya fitowa da gudu daban-daban, wato mai sarrafa wutar lantarki. Babu maganadisu na dindindin a cikin janareta na mota. Ya dogara da nada don samar da filin maganadisu. Rotor na janareta shine nada wanda ke haifar da filin maganadisu. Lokacin da janareta ke aiki, baturin zai fara kunna rotor coil (wanda ake kira excitation current) don samar da filin maganadisu, sannan idan rotor ya juya, zai samar da filin maganadisu mai jujjuya kuma ya samar da wutar lantarki a cikin na'urar stator. Lokacin da saurin injin ya karu kuma wutar lantarki ta karu, mai sarrafa wutar lantarki yana cire haɗin na'ura mai juyi, ta yadda filin maganadisu na rotor ya yi rauni a hankali kuma ƙarfin lantarkin baya tashi.

3. Motoci na amfani da man fetur da wutar lantarki

Wasu dai na ganin cewa injina na samar da motoci yana aiki da injin ne, don haka kullum yana samar da wutar lantarki, don haka ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da shi a banza. A gaskiya, wannan ra'ayin ba daidai ba ne. Injin janareta na mota yana juyawa tare da injin koyaushe, amma ana iya daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Idan wutar lantarki ta ragu, janareta zai haifar da ƙarancin wuta. A wannan lokacin, juriya na gudu na janareta kadan ne kuma yawan man fetur ya ragu. Lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki yana da girma, janareta yana buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki. A wannan lokacin, filin maganadisu na coil yana ƙarfafa, ana ƙara yawan fitarwa, kuma juriya na jujjuyawar injin yana ƙaruwa. Tabbas, zai fi cinye mai. Misali mafi sauƙaƙa shine kunna fitilolin mota lokacin yin aiki. Ainihin, saurin injin zai ɗan bambanta. Domin kunna fitilolin mota zai kara yawan wutar lantarki, wanda hakan zai kara samar da wutar lantarki, wanda hakan zai kara wa injin din nauyi, ta yadda saurin gudu zai rika tashi.

4. Ana amfani da wutar lantarki daga janareta a cikin aikin motar

Mutane da yawa suna da wannan tambaya: shin wutar lantarkin da motar ke amfani da shi yana gudana daga baturi ko janareta? A gaskiya, amsar mai sauqi ce. Muddin ba a gyara tsarin lantarki na abin hawan ku ba, ana amfani da wutar janareta wajen aikin motar. Domin karfin fitarwa na janareta ya fi ƙarfin baturi, sauran na'urorin lantarki da ke cikin mota da baturi suna cikin lodi. Baturin ba zai iya fitarwa ko da yana son fitarwa. Ko da baturin ya cika, yana daidai da babba Yana iyawa kawai. Tabbas tsarin kula da janareta na wasu motoci yana da matukar ci gaba, kuma zai yi hukunci ko ana amfani da wutar lantarki ko baturi gwargwadon halin da ake ciki. Misali, idan baturi ya cika, janareta zai daina aiki ya yi amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda zai iya ajiye mai. Lokacin da ƙarfin baturi ya faɗi zuwa wani mataki ko kuma aka taka birki ko injin, sai a fara cajin baturin.

5. Wutar lantarki

Motocin gida ainihin tsarin lantarki ne na 12V. Baturin shine 12V, amma ƙarfin fitarwa na janareta yana da kusan 14.5V. Dangane da ma'aunin ƙasa, ƙarfin fitarwa na janareta 12V yakamata ya zama 14.5V ± 0.25V. Wannan saboda janareta yana buƙatar cajin baturi, don haka ƙarfin lantarki ya zama babba. Idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na janareta shine 12V, ba za a iya cajin baturi ba. Saboda haka, al'ada ne don auna ƙarfin baturi a 14.5V ± 0.25V lokacin da abin hawa ke gudana a cikin rashin aiki. Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya yi ƙasa, yana nufin cewa aikin janareta zai ragu kuma baturin na iya wahala daga asarar wutar lantarki. Idan ya yi tsayi da yawa, zai iya ƙone kayan lantarki. Domin tabbatar da kyakkyawan aikin farawa, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baturin mota bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 12.5V a cikin yanayin walƙiya ba. Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya yi ƙasa da wannan ƙimar, yana iya haifar da wahala wajen farawa. A wannan lokacin, yana nufin cewa baturin bai isa ba kuma yana buƙatar caji cikin lokaci. Idan har yanzu ƙarfin lantarki ya kasa cika buƙatun bayan caji, yana nufin cewa baturin baya aiki.

6. Yaya tsawon lokacin da motar zata iya gudu don cika baturi

Ba na jin wannan batu yana da ma'ana a aikace, domin batirin mota baya buƙatar caji gabaɗaya a kowane lokaci, muddin bai shafi farawa da wuce gona da iri ba. Domin kuwa motar tana cin batir ne kawai a lokacin da aka fara aikin injin, za a rika cajin ta a koda yaushe yayin tuki, kuma wutar da aka ci a lokacin farawa za a iya cika shi cikin mintuna biyar, sauran kuma za a samu. Wato, muddin ba za ku yi tuƙi na ɗan lokaci kaɗan ba kawai na ƴan mintuna a kowace rana, to ba kwa buƙatar damuwa da rashin gamsuwa da cajin baturi. A cikin gogewar kaina, muddin ba a soke batirin ba, babu abin da zai faru. Tabbas, ba zai yuwu ba a sami ingantattun bayanai. Misali, idan janareta na mota ya yi kasala, abin da ake fitarwa a halin yanzu shine 10a, kuma karfin baturi shine 60 A. Idan ainihin cajin yanzu shine 6a, lokacin caji shine 60/6 * 1.2 = awa 12. Ƙaddamar da 1.2 shine la'akari da cewa cajin baturi ba zai iya daidaitawa tare da canjin ƙarfin lantarki ba. Amma wannan hanya ita ce kawai m sakamako.